Han
-by far the most of them
-dominant and have engaged in programs of assimilation
Hui
-make a slender majority in Yunnan
-due to both conversion and migration of Hui from elsewhere during the Sultanate era
-similar to Han aside from being Muslim
-due to the Yunnan Sultanate engaged in a period of state-building there's been a fair degree of divergence
-for a while, the Sultanate even went as far as to push Arabic as language of state
-before having to go back to employ migrant Hui
-also it formed diplomatic links, imported teachers, with more westerly Islamic states
-however, with the rise of the United Provinces, China's been trying to clamp down on this convergence
Turks
-chiefly in areas adjacent to Central Asia
-most prominent is Hami
-however there's been a considerable degree of Sinicization, only successful in cities
Mongols
-make up majority in Mongolia region
-but due to assimilation as well as migration of Han into the region the majority of Mongols speak only Chinese
-and most of those who speak Mongolian are bilingual
Tibetans
-some of them in China in areas next to Tibet
-a great degree of assimilation has been done
Russians
-in places successfully conquered during Russo-Chinese War (1893-9) some Russians stayed
-though most fled to the Americas or elsewhere
-granted full toleration and all
-mir system formed in area is suppressed
-instead Lee parcels out land in small portions
-with much of the best line getting confiscated and parcelled out to Chinese
-essentially this results in Russian land turning into minifundia
-many Russians forced to either move to Russia to get land or they move to cities
-long term a lot of Russians end up speaking Mandarin as a result
Jews
-came along with Russians and often grouped with them
-with Russian Empire expanding the Pale to there
-fewer of them fled the Chinese advance because they had much less fondness for Russian society
-but still some did due to Yellow Peril
-living in cities for the most part already
-because Russia does not exactly want to make a bunch of shtetls
-today most speak Chinese
Manchu
-during the rise of the Bai, a lot of Manchu get brutalized in reprisals
-result that Manchu in Bai territory forcibly integrated into Han, lose any semblance of Manchu identity
-also, in Qing territory a lot of Han and Hanized Manchurians forced to flee to Manchuria, Mongolia
-this hastens the decline of Manchu culture which is already in there
-there's a modest but still impressive degree of Orthodox conversion among the Manchu
-with Russo-Chinese War (1893-9), Lee Cheng-chang declares full toleration to Manchu
-but at this point Manchu identity is entirely symbolic in nature
-and Manchu language on verge of extinction
Tungcheng
-community formed out of Han and Manchu converts to Orthodoxy by Chinese missionries
-also some other Chinese Christians move northward to land under Christian Russian protection
-so named from Chinese word for Orthodox
-with Russo-Chinese War (1893-9) there are military reprisals against Tungcheng despite Lee seeking to tolerate them
-and many flee with Russians
-postwar Lee creates a separate Chinese Orthodox Church with patriarch in Nanjing
-succeeds in obtaining Tungcheng approval after Russia sees Young Russian Revolution (1902-8)
-successfully integrated into Chinese state in years that follows
-but ultimately they still are a somewhat discrete group with somewhat Russified customs